Epistaxis or nosebleed is an urgent otorhinolaryngological condition that is often the reason for patients to seek medical help. This paper covers the etiology, pathophysiology and symptomatology of epistaxis and provides an overview of its diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. Certainly, in adults, the most common causes of epistaxis are systemic diseases such as arterial hypertension and coagulation disorders, as well as various medications that are constantly increasing due to the aging of the population. In children, local trauma to the nasal mucosa is a particularly common cause of epistaxis as a result of mechanical irritation of the mucosa with fingers. In case of recurrent, especially unilateral epistaxis, it is necessary to rule out tumors in adults as well as in children. First aid and self-care include compression of the nasal wings and applying cold compresses around the neck. Every patient with recurrent epistaxis should know how to preform all listed above. If the bleeding requires medical treatment, it is usually possible to stop it conservatively, but sometimes it also requires a surgical approach. Conservative methods include compression, chemical cauterization or electrocautery, anterior or posterior nasal packing. Surgical treatment usually involves cauterization of the sphenopalatal artery and septoplasty, while other interventions are extremely rare. Although epistaxis is usually benign, lasts a short time and passes spontaneously, sometimes it can be profuse, lead to great blood loss and be life-threatening. Therefore, knowledge of this pathology must be in the domain of every doctor, considering that prompt and correct intervention can sometimes be crucial.