Stroke is characterized by a sudden development of a focal or a global neurological deficit caused by a cerebrovaskular origin. Symptoms vary from the size of the damage and the affected area, and the time elapsed from the onset of the symptoms to their diagnosis. Early recognition of the symptoms and transportation to the hospital increases the proportion of patients who can be treated with thrombolytic therapy and that way reduce the morality and disability of the patients. Early initiation of rehabilitation in acute phase of treatment has a preventive nature. Depending on the severity of their deficits, patients are admitted into further inpatient rehabilitation; or are released home and they continue their therapy as an outpatient rehabilitation. Criteria for admission are stable neurological status, the absence of significant comorbidities, the presence of significant neurodevelopmental deficits in at least two of the five functions: reduction activities in mobility, self-care activities, communication, control of stools and urine, control chewing and swallowing. Early rehabilitation is crucial because the recovery of neurological deficits is most efficent in the first 3 months after the stroke. Today's principles of neurorehabilitation are based on the theory of neuroplasticity. The therapeutic program is individually adapted to each patient and includes medical care, drug treatment, physical therapy, application of orthopedic supplies, occupational activities, speech exercises and cognitive training.