Inflammation of the respiratory system is a common inflammation in primary medicine. Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung tissue caused by bacteria (typical, atypical, aerobic, anaerobic), viruses, fungi, parasites, foreign body. Bacterial pneumonias are somewhat less common than viral ones, but they have a more severe outcome and can potentially be more dangerous than viral ones. Typical pneumonias are mainly bacterial pneumonias that can be domicile or nosocomial. Atypical pneumonias are common in the general population and generally have the mildest clinical course and the most favorable outcome. Pneumonitis means inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is not caused by infection with pathogens but by some other antigens and physical or chemical noxae. Sarcoidosis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects multiple organ systems. It is characterized by the formation of granulomas with epithelioid cells without caseous necrosis. Bronchitis is a disease of bronchitis with mucus secretion and consequent obstruction. Asthma is a disease characterized by constriction of the bronchial tract, secretion of mucus and wheezing in severe forms. The family physician must recognize lower tract inflammation in a timely manner to determine safe and effective drug therapy.