The professional responsibility of doctors as the basic bearer of health care, as well as its complexity and specificity, is nowadays an important legal and social issue that is in the center of attention of both doctors and lawyers. A doctor can be the subject of multiple tortious liability, from disciplinary and misdemeanor liability to criminal and civil liability, which are undeniably the two most important types of liability today. All forms of medical liability, especially criminal and civil damages, are linked by the fact that the same omission can be prosecuted for criminal / misdemeanor, disciplinary and civil law. In this paper, two main responsibilities are extensively elaborated - criminal law and civil law. After an introductory speech and an explanation of some basic principles of medical law and responsibility, the legislative aspects, features and assumptions of a doctor's criminal responsibility for a number of criminal offenses that he may commit while performing his professional activity are presented. Emphasis is placed mainly on the criminal offense of negligent treatment and the damage caused by it, which is the basic premise of the existence of civil liability. Then, the topic of civil liability of doctors, the issue of its assumptions, and especially the harmful action and the causal link between the damage and medical error, and the distinction between the concept of error and complication. The characteristics of certain types of liability are also presented - contractual and non-contractual. An extremely important type of medical responsibility has also been dealt with, and that is one in which doctors appear in court as expert witnesses in criminal and civil proceedings. The author also referred to the importance of informed patient consent in medical law and to the legal framework for excluding illegality and medical liability in general.