Celiac disease is a chronic immune-mediated small bowel enteropathy triggered by gluten exposure in a genetically predisposed person. However, along with gluten, other environmental factors are also involved in the development of celiac disease. Previous research has shown that vitamin D affects the immune response by modifying the function of T lymphocytes, NK cells, B cells, and antigen presenting cells, by binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR). This study aimed to determine the influence of the vitamin D receptor gene on the development of celiac disease. The study involved 196 patients with celiac disease, who were matched in number and sex with the control group. We investigated the frequency of genotypes and allele frequency in the FokI polymorphism of the VDR gene in two groups of patients. Subjects were compared by gender, disease type, and the presence of associated diseases. A PCR device for amplifying the target DNA fragment was used to analyze the VDR FokI polymorphism, after which the samples were subjected to the FokI restriction enzyme overnight. Fragments were detected by gel electrophoresis. The study did not show a statistically significant difference in the study groups, but we can note that of the 33 subjects who had any of the associated diseases, five had type 1 diabetes mellitus, which could be associated with celiac disease, and therefore it would be interesting to observe data on vulnerability subjects (p > 0.05). At the end of the study, we can conclude that the FokI polymorphism of the VDR gene does not affect susceptibility to celiac disease, while for a possible association with the clinical picture, research should be performed on a larger number of patients.