Introduction: Vaccination against infectious diseases is often the only possible way to protect individuals and the population from many infectious diseases. The undeniable successes of vaccination in recent years have been accompanied by a resurgence of anti-vaccination movements whose members often include health professionals. This research will determine the attitudes and knowledge of medical students as future health professionals, given that ignorance and insufficient education of students is a factor that is possible and should be acted upon. Materials and methods: The research included first and sixth year students of integrated undergraduate and graduate study of medicine at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka. Students' attitudes and knowledge about vaccination were examined through an anonymous, online survey which contained 57 questions divided into six groups: general data of respondents (7 multiple choice questions), general attitudes about vaccination (23 questions according to the Likert five-point scale), knowledge about vaccination (9 questions with one correct answer), methods and sources of information on vaccination (5 multiple choice questions), self-assessment of readiness to discuss the topic of vaccination (5 questions on the Likert five-point scale), moral beliefs (7 questions on the Likert five-point scale) and religious affiliation (optional response). At the end of the questionnaire, students have the opportunity to give suggestions and ideas for improving vaccination education. Results: Students of the 1st and 6th year of medicine at the Faculty of Medicine in Rijeka predominantly express affirmative views on vaccination, conventional sources and methods of learning on the topic of vaccination and neutral moral and religious values. As expected, 6th year students have more positive attitudes towards vaccination, more theoretical knowledge and show a higher willingness to talk to patients or parents about the topic of vaccination. The research established a connection between positive attitudes towards vaccination and certain moral and religious values in both years of study. Conclusion: Although students mainly express positive attitudes and adequate knowledge about vaccination, they expressed that there is still room for improving education in terms of using interactive learning methods. Further research is needed with the aim of a more complete insight into the attitudes and knowledge of medical students throughout the Croatia and neighboring countries, which would improve the education of future health professionals as vaccination promoters.