Title OSTEOPOROZA-DIJAGNOSTIKA I LIJEČENJE Title (english) OSTEOPOROSIS-DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Author Ivan Došen Mentor Branislava Popović (mentor)Committee member Leonardo Bukmir (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Aleksandar Ljubotina (član povjerenstva)Committee member Tatjana Čulina (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Rijeka Defense date and country 2019-07-12, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Osteoporoza je najčešća metabolička bolest kostiju koja se dominantno javlja u žena u
postmenopauzi, no u manjem broju se javlja i u muškaraca. To je bolest u kojoj dolazi do
gubitka koštane mase i fraktura. Najčešće su zahvaćeni lumbalni dio kralježnice, kuk i distalni
dio podlaktice. Brojni su etiološki faktori koji dovode do ove bolesti: genetska predispozicija,
rasa, ženski spol, starost, prehrana siromašna kalcijem i vitaminom D, pušenje, alkohol ,
tjelesna neaktivnost, hormonalni čimbenici te lijekovi. Prema lokalizaciji razlikujemo
lokaliziranu i generaliziranu osteoporozu. Generalizirana osteoporoza se dijeli na primarnu i
sekundarnu. Primarna osteoporoza se dijeli na postmenopauzalnu, senilnu i juvenilnu
idiopatsku. Sekundarna osteoporoza, znatno rjeđa, nastaje kao posljedica primjene lijekova ili
određenih bolesti, najčešće endokrinoloških. Poremećaj koštane pregradnje je najvažniji
uzrok osteoporoze u patofiziološkom smislu. Starenjem se povećava štetno djelovanje
osteoklasta koji prevladaju u odnosu na osteoblaste. Upravo zbog toga je velika važnost na
prevenciji ove bolesti. Koštana masa se razvija do 30.godine života te je potrebna redovita
tjelesna aktivnost kao i adekvatan unos kalcija, vitamina D i ostalih nutrijenata u organizam.
Zlatni standard u dijagnostici osteoporoze je denzitometrija. T-vrijednost jednaka ili manja
od -2.5 ide u prilog osteoporozi. Cilj liječenja osteoporoze je usporiti koštanu resorpciju i
poboljšati gustoću i kvalitetu kosti. Antiresorptivni i osteoanabolički lijekovi su dvije osnovne
skupine lijekova osteoporoze. Bisfosfonati, selektivni modulatori estrogenskih receptora,
hormonsko nadomjesno liječenje i kalcitonin pripadaju antiresorptivnoj grupi lijekova, a
teriparatid i intaktni parathormon osteoanaboličkoj grupi. Stroncijev ranelat je novi lijek koji
ima dvojako djelovanje.
Abstract (english) Osteoporosis is the most common bone metabolic disease that is predominantly occurs in
postmenopausal women, but in a smaller number also occurs in men. It's a disease that
involves bone loss and fractures. Lumbar spine, hip and distal part of the forearm are most
commonly affected. There are numerous etiological factors that lead to this disease. These are
genetic predisposition, race, female sex, age, poor diet with calcium and vitamin D, smoking,
alcohol, physical inactivity, hormonal factors and drugs. Localization is characterized by
localized and generalized osteoporosis. Generalized osteoporosis is divided into primary and
secondary. Primary osteoporosis is divided into postmenopausal, senile and juvenile
idiopathic. Secondary osteoporosis occurs as a result of the use of drugs or certain diseases,
most commonly endocrinologic. Bone remodeling is the most important cause of osteoporosis
in the pathophysiological sense. Aging increases the harmful effect of osteoclasts that prevail
over osteoblasts. It's great importance to the prevention of this disease. Bone mass develops
up to 30 years of life and requires regular physical activity, adequate calcium intake, vitamin
D and other nutrients in the body. The gold standard in osteoporosis diagnosis is
densitometry. T-value equal to or less than -2.5 in favor of osteoporosis. The goal of treating
osteoporosis is to reduce bone resorption and improve bone density and quality.
Antiresorptive and osteoanalbicidal drugs are two basic groups of osteoporosis drugs.
Bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators, hormone replacement therapy and
calcitonin belong to the antiresorptive drug group, and teriparatide and the intact
parathormone osteoanalbumic group. Strontium ranelate is a new drug that has dual function.
Keywords
osteoporoza
prevencija
denzitometrija
Keywords (english)
osteoporosis
prevention
densitometry
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:184:516704 Study programme Title: Medicine Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2020-01-17 09:44:36
