Dyspnea is a subjective symptom that is manifested in oncological patients. Her appearance may be a predictor of worsening of the disease. It can be caused by the tumor itself, tumor therapy, comorbidities, and muscular weakness. It is most commonly reported with the lung and pleural cancer, head and neck tumors and tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Causes that are indirectly associated with the tumor include pleural effusion, ascites, vein cava syndrome, anemia, cachexia and others. Tumor therapy involving surgical methods, radiation or chemotherapy can also result in the feeling of lack of air. Development can be affected by other diseases such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anxiety or depression. Since dyspnea is a subjective symptom, patients are those who disclose it to doctors. They are evaluated on the basis of a scales assessment scale such as a numeric scale, a visual analog scale, and others. Therapy depends on the cause of dyspnoea. If the cause reversible is removed using available methods. Treatment is initiated by non-pharmacological measures that include patient and family information on the symptoms relief measures. Other options include non-invasive ventilation, airway release and the use of helium and oxygen combinations. If the patient is hypoxic, oxygen is recommended. Pharmacological methods are often combined with nonpharmacologicals. Usually, opioid drugs such as morphine, codeine or fentanyl are used. Other drugs that can be prescribed in a patient are benzodiazepines, corticosteroids, diuretics, anxiolytics, or antidepressants. Each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages, and the decision on the application depends on the patient and the condition in which it is located.