Title IMUNOLOŠKE ZNAČAJKE SHIZOFRENIJE
Title (english) IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Author Dolores Makovac
Mentor Gordana Rubeša (mentor)
Committee member Ines Mrakovčić-Šutić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Ivana Marić (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Marija Vučić Peitl (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine (Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine) Rijeka
Defense date and country 2017-07-14, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences Psychiatry
Abstract Shizofrenija je psihijatrijski poremećaj od kojeg boluje više od 20 milijuna ljudi u cijelom svijetu. Definira se kao multifaktorijalna bolest različitog genotipa i različitog fenotipa. Postoje brojne teorije o etiologiji shizofrenije, a u ovom radu su prikazane pretpostavke i najnoviji rezultati brojnih imunoloških značajki shizofrenog poremećaja. Prema neuroimunološkoj teoriji etiologije shizofrenije, poremećaj nastaje zbog neuroimunološkog dizbalansa, pojačane aktivnost mikroglije i povećanih razina proupalnih citokina. Uvidjelo se da intrauterine infekcije kod trudnica imaju utjecaj na razvoj mozga fetusa, te da su infekcije rubeolom, ospicama, herpes virusom i Toxoplasmom gondii rizični čimbenik za kasniji nastanak shizofrenije. Također, infekcije u ranoj životnoj dobi, atopijske i autoimune bolesti češće su kod bolesnika koji u odrasloj dobi razviju shizofreniju. U prvoj epizodi shizofrenije i tijekom egzacerbacija u serumu bolesnika pronađena je povećana razina proupalnih citokina. Povećane su razine IL-6, TNF-α i IL-1β, a smanjena je razina protuupalnog citokina, Il-10. Interleukin 6 se najčešće navodi kao mogući bitan faktor u imunološkoj teoriji etiologije shizofrenije. Njegove se vrijednosti se povećavaju za vrijeme akutnih psihoza, a normaliziraju nakon terapije antipsihoticima. Povišene razine IL-6 povezuju se s težim oštećenjima kognitivnih funkcija te su češće prisutne kod pacijenata čija bolest traje duže, kod onih koji su dugo vremena bili bez adekvatnog liječenja i kod pacijenata s terapijski rezistentnom shizofrenijom. Liječenje shizofrenije moglo bi se unaprijediti uvođenjem lijekova s protuupalnim svojstvima u terapiju. Naime, rezultati studija su pokazali da celekoksib, aspirin i minociklin u kombinaciji s antipsihotikom, bolje djeluju na pozitivne, negativne i kognitivne simptome shizofrenije nego što djeluje antipsihotik s placebom.
Abstract (english) Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that affects more than 20 million people worldwide. It is defined as a mutifactorial disease of different genotypes and different phenotypes. There are many theories about the etiology of schizophrenia and in this paper I present the assumptions and latest results of many immunological characteristics of the schizophrenic disorder. According to the neuroimunological theory, the disorder is due to neuroimunological disbalance, increased microglial activity and increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Studies have found that intrauterine infections in pregnant women have an effect on the fetal brain development, and that infections with rubella, measles, herpes virus, and Toxoplasma gondii are associeted with schizophrenia onset in adult life. Children infectious disseases, atopic and autoimmune diseases are also more frequent in patients with schizophrenia at an adult age. In the first episode of schizophrenia and during exacerbations in the patient's serum increased proinflammatory cytokine levels was found. Increased levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β, and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, Il-10. Interleukin 6 levels increase in the psychotic phase of the disease and normalize after the antipsychotic drug treatment. Increased level of IL-6 is associated with severe cognitive impairment and it's more common with patients who had been without adequate treatment for a long time and patients with therapeutic-resistant schizophrenia. Treatment of schizophrenia could be improved by the introduction of anti-inflammatory drug in the therapy. Studies have shown that celecoxib, aspirin and minocycline combined with antipsychotics, have a better effect on positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia compared to treatment with antipsychotics and placebo.
Keywords
shizofrenija
etiologija
imunologija
citokini
intrauterine infekcije
autoimune bolesti
antipsihotici
protuupalni lijekovi
Keywords (english)
schizophrenia
etiology
immunology
cytokines
intrauterine infections
autoimmune diseases
antipsychotics
anti-inflammatory drugs
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:184:180116
Study programme Title: Medicine Study programme type: university Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
Terms of use
Created on 2017-11-21 11:01:14